UV radiations and melanin production

Humans and chimpanzees had the same ancestor about seven million years ago. The changes occur by the passage of times and each of the species evolved individually the chimpanzees are however less evolved because they lived in their original environment. As our history, can be related so it is observed that commonly chimpanzees have white skin which was covered with hair. So, it can be predicted that human had white skin. The lifestyle of humans and chimpanzees are different because they live in different environments. Human worked hard like hunting after they are fed up with picking fruits. This active life style of humans developed their brain and this is also the hypothesis that this used a lot of energy and heat was produced. This results in the formation of a lot of sweat glands and the white skin were then effected by the harsh sun light and new skin problems were discovered.

The Ultraviolet light from the sun is dangerous for human skin as it causes mutation in the DNA sequence of the skin cells. As the result of these changes, the production of melanin in the human skin started as it is natural sunscreen and protects the human skin from UV and its harmful effects. Now every human has an ability to produce these pigments because of evolution. The difference in skin color is due to the difference in an amount of pigment in the skin. Dark peoples have more melanin so they can absorb more UV rays and melanin saves their skin to get infected. More melamine means more dark skin tone. The white color is genetically transferred to the next generation but the amount of melanin in a parent can be different from offspring as it is not genetic.

If we see the globe and analyses, then we will conclude that near equator receives more solar energy (UV) than the poles. This is due to the low latitudes near the equator which receives high UV radiations all the year while if we see poles than we can observe that due to slight angle of the sun and high latitudes, fewer UV rays are falling on the poles. Due to this fact, the countries near equator e.g. Colombia, Brazil and Congo etc. have a large population of dark people while the countries near poles like Canada, Denmark and Norway have less population of dark people.