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Category : Natural Sciences

Reduction of Ketones Using a Metal Hydride Reagent: 4-tert-Butylcyclohexanol

Written by Breha Objective: The purpose of this experiment is to reduce ketones, 4-tert-Butylcyclohexanone, to form the alcohol, cis and trans-4-tert-Butylcyclohexanol. The reduction of a ketone carbonyl to alcohol is carried out using sodium borohydride. The alcoholic reactions products are isolated by liquid-liquid extractions techniques and purified by preparative gas chromatography. Cis and Trans diastereoisomers are formed in the reduction of the 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone. TLC was also used to monitor the completion of the experiment. Experimental Procedure: Experiment 5B was followed […]

Synthesis of Trinuclear Metal-Carboxylate Clusters via Ligand Exchange

Written by Jessica Weaver Abstract Trinuclear metal carboxylate clusters of the general formula M3O(O2CR)6+ (where M= Fe (III), Cr (III), V (III); R=CH3 or C6H5) capped with monofunctionalized carboxylates were studied for their potential use as molecular building blocks, or secondary building units (SBUs), in the rational synthesis of metal organic frameworks (MOFs). Clusters were synthesized and characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (ATR-IR). Ligand exchange reactions were performed under various reaction […]

Male gametophyte growth as a factor of initial spore density among C-fern sporophytes

Written by Miranda ABSTRACT: C-fern spores have the ability of exhibiting both male and hermaphroditic sexes. Hermaphroditic gametophytes are always developed first, and if they release enough of the pheromone antheridiogen, male gametophytes will develop. Higher spore densities should show evidence of higher male populations. The gametophyte development can be observed under dissecting microscopes. Population densities were calculated each week for three weeks and based off of data collected, male population was slightly higher in higher density environments, but further […]

No Linkage of Yellow Body and Sepia Eye Mutations in Drosophila: Yellow Body X-linked and Sepia Eye Autosomal

Written by Brandon Abstract: The theory of independent assortment was first discovered by Gregor Mendel; however when the idea of genetic inheritance was revisited by Thomas Morgan, it was determined that it was not universally true of all alleles and for all organisms. Morgan’s experiments with Drosophila showed a difference in trait inheritance. Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance suggested that multiple genes are inherited in a linked fashion that is predictable and observable. This study focused to determine linkage between the […]

Synthesis of 5-Methyl-5-Hexen-2-one using the Organic Syntheses Method

Written by Nicole   Introduction The purpose of this paper is to compare experimental methods in order to acquire the optimal procedure to synthesize the compound 5-Methyl-5-hexen-2-one. Procedures will be scrutinized according to their cost and time efficiency, as well as the complexity and thoroughness of procedure in producing product at a high yield.  A detailed stepwise mechanism is indicated for 5-methyl-5-hexen-2-one.  Also indicated in this paper are two methods that produce the product from experimental procedures: “Stereoselective Total Synthesis […]

The Effects of Temperature, pH and Enzyme Concentration on Amylase

Written by Sarah Introduction Enzymes are proteins that are critical to catalyzing reactions (Brooker, Widmaier, Graham & Stiling, 2011). Like most proteins, they are synthesized by the ribosomes in the cell. They react with a specific substrate in order to increase the rate of a chemical reaction within the cell. Without enzymes, reactions would be significantly slower and we would not be able to do the most basic functions, such as breathing or digesting food. Amylase is an type of […]