Author Unknown Anhydrite is a mineral with an extremely close relationship to Gypsum. Where Gypsum’s chemical composition is CaSO4 H2O, the structure of Anhydrite, which comes from the Greek word meaning “without water,” consists of CaSO4. It can even turn into Gypsum if its exposed to water. Anhydrite is primarily used in soil aditives for its calcium content. It can also be used in paint and varnish as a drying agent. Sometimes its also used in drywall. Anhydrite is found […]
Centripetal Force By: Alexander Jones Abstract In this experiment Newton’s first and second laws of motion were used to study and verify the expression for the force, F, to be provided to mass, m, to execute circular motion. Two experimental conditions were measured using 1) a simple pendulum and 2) a rotating table. To acquire data regarding force, period, and velocity of the experimental setups a force sensor and photogate motion sensor were employed. The data was then analyzed graphically […]
Activity Coefficients Experiment By: Stephen Fry Introduction While pH is often treated as the negative logarithm of the concentration of protons or hydronium ions, p[H], it is defined as the negative logarithm of the activity of hydrogen ions in a solution: pH = -log(aH+) = -log(cH+ ×γH+) Where c is the molal concentration and γ is the activity coefficient. However, the activity a single ion in solution cannot be measured due to the necessity of a counter ion. To overcome […]
Acid Impurity and Identification Through Molar Mass Calculation By Sena Contreras Introduction: The purpose of part I in the investigation was to determine if two methods of purifying succinic acid produce statistically similar results. We tested this using a pooled t-test; the null hypothesis being that there is no difference between the samples A and B. Sample A was purified by the first method, and sample B by the new method. The purity of each was found through an acid […]
Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the stereoselectivity of various reducing agents in the reduction of a carbonyl group. The first part of this experiment will focus on the stereoselectivity of sodium borohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, and lithium tri-sec-butylborohydride (L-selectride) in the reduction of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone.1 The second part of this experiment will focus on the stereoselectivity of saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast) in the reduction of ketone in ethyl acetoacetate.2 The stereoselectivity of each reducing agent will be […]
Written by Dan Jenkinson Introduction A ‘cage’ complex is a type of molecule, where a metal ion is encapsulated in a ligand and is unable to get out. The inability for the metal ion to get out of the cage complex also means that it is unable to get into it. As such, cage complexes often have to be assembled around the metal centre in situ. There are many examples in cage complexes, for example metals can become encapsulated within […]
