By: Vanessa Staats Introduction All pH vs. volume of NaOH graphs for each trial appeared as they should have and were used to determine equivalence points. The most clearly defined equivalence points were the second one for all three trials. Molecular weight was calculated, using only trials two and three, and unknown 2 was determined to be maleic acid. Trial one was thrown out when calculating the average molecular weight because the amount of NaOH in liters was vastly different than […]
By: Nathan Gaffney Introduction/Purpose The purpose of this lab was to learn about the oxidation of alcohols. The starting compound was 2-Ethyl-1,3-Hexanediol, one of the hydroxyl groups was first degree while the other was second degree. The reagent used was calcium hypochlorite. Since the starting material was a diol the product outcome could have been a variety of products. That is why the results of the lab were investigated via IR to determine if the reagent calcium hypochlorite was a strong […]
By: Ashley Martin Introduction This experiment explored the concepts of thermodynamic and kinetic products and controlling the formation of each product of the reaction of semicarbazide hydrochloride and cyclohexanone as well as semicarbazide hydrochloride and 2-furaldehyde. The kinetic product is formed under conditions where reactions that require a lot of energy are irreversible or in which there is no equilibrium achieved. The amount of product is determined by their rates of formation, which correlates to the height of the transition […]
By: Victoria Anatsui Introduction: The purpose of this lab is to learn the important separation methods of distillation/fractional distillation. These methods separate miscible liquids by utilizing their differences in boiling point. Simple distillation is great for separating liquids with very large differences in boiling points while fractional distillation is better at separating liquids with closer boiling points. Procedure: We set up both a simple and fractional distillation apparatus with 60ml of a methanol/water mixture (Unknown Bottle C) in a 100ml […]
By: Juno Kim Introduction In this experiment the concentration of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) in an unknown sample was determined through volumetric analysis. The volumetric analysis allows for the calculation of the unknown amount or concentration by a reaction with a known amount of reagent. For this lab, the unknown potassium hydrogen phthalate sample was titrated with a standardized sodium hydroxide solution. A standard solution has an accurately known concentration and for this experiment sodium hydroxide was standardized with a […]
By: Jaime Rodriguez Introduction: This lab involves performing a technique called annealing. The purpose of annealing is to alter the properties of a material by heating it. When a material is annealed it is softened, and made more ductile and malleable. It is also made more corrosion resistant. Since the material is cooled slowly, it allows for dislocations to be healed, as they are moved to surfaces and grain boundaries. The purpose of this lab is to examine how […]
